Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Larvicidal potential of the brown algae Spatoglossum asperum against mosquito vectors

The purpose of the present investigation is to find out whether S. asperum's ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts has larvicidal capacity towards Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles stephensi. Various quantities of ethyl acetate and chloroform seaweed extracts were given to chosen larvae in the initial 4th instar. Each trial was conducted three times, with a control group present throughout the study. The fatality rate was constantly monitored every 24 hrs. Utilizing FTIR and GC-MS examinations, the functional groups and phytochemical substances in the extracts were determined. Clinically obtained bacteria were used to test antibacterial properties employing the well plate process, and the results suggest that both extracts have the ability to inhibit the bacterial growth. The FTIR signals validated the carbonyl groups, amino acids, hydroxyl groups, and alkynes. The GC-MS studies found the presence of anticonvulsant, insecticidal, antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and hepatoprotective active compounds. Ethyl acetate extract had a LC50 rate of 114.73 mg/L, 81.60 mg/L, 150.71 mg/L against Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi. Whereas the chloroform extract had a LC50 rate of 73.27 mg/L, 74.11 mg/L, 66.38 mg/L against Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi respectively. According to these investigations, S. asperum ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts have a mediocre chance of working as larvicidal agents against mosquito vectors.