Ameliorating role of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba extract on pentylenetetrazole induced bone marrow injury in epileptic seizures disease in rat

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling is a model for epilepsy and refers to a phenomenon in which repeated injection of PTZ causes gradual seizure. It was used to identify clinically useful anticonvulsant drugs. The current study aimed to determine the possible protective and ameliorative effects of L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts (GLE) on bone marrow against PTZ induced epileptic seizures disease in rats. A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups; 1st group was the control; 2nd and 3rd were GLE and L-carnitine groups, respectively; while the 4th group was pentylenetetrazole rat group and the 5th and 6th groups were pre GLE and L-carnitine groups respectively; the 7th and 8th groups were post GLE and L-carnitine, respectively. PTZ leads to decrease hemoglobin (hb), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrite (Hct), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. A variety of histopathological lesions was observed in the bone marrow sections in PTZ group, this variety as marked decrease in the activities of hematopoiesis with an increased in fat cells numbers.  Faint or mild positive reaction of PCNA-ir were detected in bone marrow of PTZ rat group. Pre- and post-treatment with GLE and L-carnitine were improved the hematological, histological and immunohistochemical alterations in bone marrow that treated with PTZ.