Asthma predisposing factors and comorbidities: Their influences on asthma control levels

Asthma remains a concerning global health problem, interferes with the life of around 300 million people of all ages around the world, and results in approximately 1000 deaths each day. Its prevalence, exceptionally among children, is soaring in many countries with asthma-caused deaths mostly occur in low- to middle-income countries inflicting undesirable burden on healthcare systems. Ages, sexes, body mass index, socioeconomic status, allergic and smoking history are some of the associated predisposing factors. Some of the most frequently reported asthma-related comorbidities are rhinitis, obstructive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, psychopathologies, and hormonal disorders. The Global Initiative Health for Asthma through asthma control levels defines the extent to which asthma features can be observed. Poor symptom control, one of two domains in which asthma control can be assessed, escalates the risk of exacerbations. This review will break down asthma-related predisposing factors and comorbidities as well as discuss the potential correlations between predisposing factors, comorbidities, and asthma control levels. Uncovering this relationship can lead to ideal and novel preventative and therapeutic interventions. Nonetheless, interdisciplinary approaches are deemed essential in elucidating the full mechanisms of these interactions to be able to pursue high-precision and efficacious preventative and therapeutic strategies for asthma.