A comprehensive systematic review of privacy and security issues in Satellite Networks

The recent advancements in satellite networks have garnered significant interest due to their extensive geographic coverage and flexible deployment capabilities, offering a promising solution for global communications and transforming traditional communication methods. Despite these advancements, current satellite systems face challenges such as high propagation delays and inadequate coverage of high-latitude regions, particularly in Geostationary (GEO) systems. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems, which can address these issues, are primarily used for voice services, as seen in the Iridium system, but have encountered financial difficulties. This study aims to address the security issues in satellite networks, a critical concern as these networks increasingly rely on IP protocols and hybrid configurations of terrestrial nodes and satellite links. Previous works have identified various potential security attacks on satellite networks and proposed different solutions, but these solutions often lack comprehensive effectiveness and robustness. Our methodology involves analyzing the security vulnerabilities in satellite networks similar to the Iridium system, which includes inter-satellite links (ISL) and routers on each satellite. We review and evaluate existing security measures and propose enhancements to improve their effectiveness. Our results indicate significant vulnerabilities in current systems, but also show that with targeted improvements, security can be substantially enhanced. The implications of this study are profound, suggesting that more secure satellite networks can better support critical global communications and services, including broadband Internet and data services, thereby enhancing their reliability and user trust