The Relationship between Congenital Hearing Loss Risk Factors and Outcomes of Otoacoustic Emission Screening Test in Neonates at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital (RSUDZA) Banda Aceh

Background: Congenital hearing loss is deafness that occurs before childbirth. Infant hearing impairment can affect speech, language, cognitive, social, and emotional problems. Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) screening test was used for early detection of hearing function.

Objective: To determine the relationship between congenital hearing loss risk factors and outcomes of Otoacoustic Emission screening test in neonates at RSUDZA Banda aceh.

Methods: Case control study in Perinatology and Neonatology Intensive Care Unit RSUDZA on April-Jun 2022. Study sample carried out on 80 respondents consist of 40 case group (pass) and 40 control group (refer). The risk factors which were researched including Low Birth Weight (LBW), premature, hyperbilirubinemia, low APGAR score, craniofacial anomalies, staying in NICU more than 5 days, and family history of congenital deafness. Each group was analyzed using Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test and the Ods ratio was calculated.

Result: There were four risk factors that had a significant relationship (p<0.05), such as Low Birth Weight (OR=0.294), hyperbilirubinemia (OR=0.103), low APGAR score (OR=0.107), and craniofacial anomalies (p=0.026). LBW is the most significant risk factor.

Conclusion: Low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia, low APGAR scores, and craniofacial anomalies are risk factors for referral results on OAE screening test in neonates.