School life, sense of belonging, and learning: The role of collaborative practices, ICT, and chatbots

School life constitutes a multidimensional psychosocial context in which learning is inextricably linked to students’ emotional engagement, participation, and sense of belonging. This study investigates the factors that contribute to the creation of supportive and inclusive school environments, with particular emphasis on collaborative practices, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), and artificial intelligence tools such as chatbots. Learning engagement is conceptualized as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions, while the sense of belonging emerges as a pivotal factor in enhancing student participation and well-being. The study further examines the role of school climate, teacher–student relationships, and pedagogical practices in shaping positive learning experiences. Particular attention is devoted to the contribution of ICT and digital tools in facilitating differentiated instruction, fostering interaction, and promoting active student participation. Additionally, chatbots and artificial intelligence applications are explored as innovative learning support instruments that advance personalization and self-regulation. The findings indicate that the integration of collaborative and digital practices contributes to the formation of a modern, inclusive, and dynamic school environment in which a sense of belonging is strengthened and meaningful student engagement is promoted