Security schemes for the next-generation networks: A survey

The rapid evolution of next-generation networks (NGNs), characterized by advancements such as 5G, 6G, edge computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), has introduced unprecedented opportunities for connectivity and innovation. However, this progress has also expanded the attack surface, leading to new and complex security challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art security schemes tailored for NGNs, emphasizing the interplay of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy. Key areas explored include authentication mechanisms, end-to-end encryption, intrusion detection systems, and distributed ledger technologies. Furthermore, the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in predicting and mitigating threats is analyzed. The paper also investigates emerging paradigms such as zero-trust architectures, quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, and secure network slicing. Through a critical assessment of existing frameworks and their limitations, this work proposes a unified approach that integrates adaptive security policies, decentralized trust models, and real-time threat intelligence. By addressing both technical and operational perspectives, this study aims to guide the development of resilient and secure NGNs, ensuring a sustainable digital future.