Surface modification of Nano cellulose: The path to advanced uses of smart and sustainable bio-material

In order to develop sophisticated applications for intelligent and sustainable biomaterials, our work focuses on the surface modification of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose has the ability to be modified to improve its surface characteristics, making it appropriate for a variety of uses in industries including biomedicine, packaging, textiles, and water treatment. There have been discussions on a number of physical and chemical surface modification approaches, including mechanical treatment, high-pressure homogenization, and chemical functionalization. The study also highlights the results of different characterization methods that were employed to examine the surface-modified nanocellulose. The review addresses the difficulties in integrating nanocellulose into many applications, despite its potential, including manufacturing scale-up, standardisation, and toxicity issues. The article's conclusion highlights the need for continuing research and development of nanocellulose-based materials in order to meet these obstacles and offer long-term solutions to a range of social issues.