Rare case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (chronic phase) in pediatric age group: Diagnostic and pathological perspective

Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia is a rare childhood malignancy, accounting for 3-5% of all childhood cancers. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL1 fusion gene). While CML predominantly affects adults, pediatric cases are uncommon. This case report outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and pathological features of CML in a 19-year-old female, who presented with marked leukocytosis, 61% basophilia, a myelocyte-metamyelocyte peak, and 2% blasts in the differential count. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score was reduced, and the p210 transcript of BCR-ABL1 was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Bone marrow was hypercellular with increased granulopoiesis and dysplastic megakaryocytes.