Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive drug delivery system

Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS) are advanced oral drug delivery technologies designed to extend the residence time of a drug in the stomach, improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of drugs absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract or exhibiting localized gastric activity. These systems are especially beneficial for drugs with a narrow absorption window or poor intestinal solubility. GRDDS utilize mechanisms such as floating systems that stay buoyant on gastric fluids, bioadhesive systems that adhere to the stomach lining, swelling systems that expand to prevent premature gastric emptying, and multiparticulate systems offering flexibility in dosage and controlled release.

The formulation of GRDDS involves selecting biocompatible polymers and excipients that withstand the acidic gastric environment while releasing the drug in a controlled and sustained manner. These systems can reduce dosing frequency, enhance patient compliance, and provide consistent plasma drug levels, minimizing side effects. GRDDS are particularly valuable in treating chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, gastrointestinal infections, and peptic ulcers. By leveraging innovative designs, GRDDS significantly advance therapeutic outcomes in modern pharmacotherapy.