Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon in a patient with inflammatory colon disease history: Case report

The vast majority of malignant tumors of the colon and rectum is carcinomas. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the colon is an extremely rare entity, and the etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear; however, it has been linked to inflammatory processes, infectious conditions, radiation exposure, and the development of squamous differentiation in pre-existing colonic adenomas. We report on a 46-year-old male with SCC of the cecum and a 15-year history. During colonoscopy, he presented with a large infiltrative and ulcerative necrotizing lesion with a malignant appearance located in the ascending colon, which extended circumferentially and led to severe stricture and pan-colitis. In metastatic workup evaluation, he had no distant metastases. He underwent total colectomy, omentectomy, and lymphadenectomy. A 6.5 by 6.5 cm tumoral mass in the ascending colon and 31 lymph nodes were resected; one of these lymph nodes had tumoral involvement. After first- and second-line chemotherapy regimens, he experienced progressive disease. According to the results of cytogenetic evaluation, we prescribed immunotherapy along with chemotherapy, and he is currently in relatively stable condition.