Public health communication strategies during wildfire events: Lessons for the United States from a global perspective

Wildfires are an escalating environmental and public health threat in the United States, driven by climate change, prolonged droughts, and urban expansion into wildfire-prone areas. These events produce severe health hazards through smoke exposure, with impacts ranging from respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular complications to mental health challenges. Public health communication is a crucial tool for mitigating these risks, shaping protective behaviors, and promoting community resilience. This research article surveys public health communication strategies employed during wildfire events globally and evaluates their relevance to the U.S. context. Lessons from countries such as Australia and Canada reveal innovative approaches to engaging diverse populations, leveraging technology, and addressing inequities in information access. The discussion highlights persistent challenges in the United States, including disparities in communication reach, the spread of misinformation, and variable levels of public trust. Recommendations emphasize the need for multi-channel, culturally tailored, and community-centered strategies to strengthen U.S. public health communication capacity in the face of worsening wildfire crises.