RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS OVERVIEW: STUDY OF ETIOLOGY FACTORS, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory illness characterized by destructive arthritis as its primary clinical manifestation. If RA is not treated, it causes early death and disability. For this reason, early detection and treatment are crucial. It is a primary cause of disability, and autoantibodies, including anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF), are crucial diagnostic biomarkers.  Moreover, it is challenging to distinguish RA from other forms of arthritis. New RA-specific biomarkers may increase the accuracy of diagnosis and assist differentiate RA from other forms of arthritis. Another explanation is that existing biomarkers might not be sensitive enough to identify RA in its early stages, before serious joint damage develops. In addition to facilitating earlier diagnosis and treatment, new biomarkers that can identify RA at an earlier stage may also help more precisely monitor disease activity and response to treatment, allowing clinicians to modify patient treatment plans and enhance overall results. The biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis included in this article include both well-established and recently identified biomarkers. The current diagnostic standards and RA treatments will also be reviewed in this paper.