Characteristics of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy among Neonates in Sanglah General Hospital

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a worldwide problem. It is a type of brain injury that occurs when the brain doesn’t receive enough oxygen or blood flow occurring during pregnancy, labor and delivery or in the postnatal period. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of HIE among neonates admitted to Sanglah General Hospital. This observational retrospective study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020 in Neonatology Ward of Sanglah General Hospital. This study was dominated by male subject, mild HIE (65.4%) with caesarian section (65.4%) and referred from other hospital (60.6%). Moreover the cases of seizure, neonatal sepsis and neonatal pneumonia accounted for 20.2%, 73.1%, and 34.6%, respectively. Mortality occurred in 28.8% neonates, but only 17.6% moderate HIE and 47.4% severe HIE got cooling therapy. Maternal characteristics were severe preeclampsia, placenta previa, previous abortion, hypertension, asthma and diabetes mellitus. This study demonstrated that HIE characteristics in neonates of Sanglah General Hospital mostly were mild stages, male gender, caesarean section as mode of delivery and majority was referred from other hospital.