Socio-environmental problems of granite mining in the urban commune of Manéah (Coyah Prefecture, Guinea)

Like many human activities, mining operations are frequently criticized for their environmental impacts. In this context, this study was conducted to identify the environmental problems associated with granite extraction by blasting in the urban commune of Manéah. Granite extraction is essential for infrastructure development, particularly in developing countries like Guinea. However, this extractive activity generates significant socio-environmental impacts, especially in areas with a high concentration of quarries. This study addresses this issue and aims to analyze the environmental and social effects of granite extraction in the urban commune of Manéah, located in the Coyah prefecture. The methodology employed is based on a mixed-methods approach combining field observations, surveys of local residents, and laboratory analyzes of dust and rock samples. Environmental measurements, particularly regarding air quality and noise levels, were also carried out. Furthermore, an analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover between 1980 and 2024 was conducted using satellite imagery. The results reveal that mining activities, particularly blasting, crushing, and material transport, generate significant dust emissions, noise pollution, and vibrations. These disturbances significantly impact the biophysical environment, especially air quality, soils, and the landscape. From a health perspective, local populations experience recurring ailments such as coughs (25%), respiratory infections (18%), and eye irritations, linked to exposure to fine particles and gases from explosions. The study also highlights a significant transformation of land use, marked by the expansion of built-up areas and quarries at the expense of vegetation. From a socio-economic perspective, although granite mining contributes to job creation, a significant proportion of the population (45%) believes that the economic benefits remain insufficient. In conclusion, this research underscores the need to strengthen environmental and social management measures to limit the negative impacts of granite mining and ensure sustainable development in the municipality of Manéah.